Klonopin is a commonly prescribed medication for individuals with conditions related to overactivity in the brain, like seizures and panic disorder. Though this medication offers a number of benefits to individuals in this population, long-term use can lead to dependence. Because of its association with dependence, it has been deemed a controlled substance.

In this blog, you’ll learn more about Klonopin, why it is included as a federally controlled substance,  and where it ranks in that list.

What is Klonopin?

Klonopin is the brand name for the generic drug clonazepam, a benzo (benzodiazepine) used to treat health conditions like panic disorder, anxiety disorder, epilepsy, and non-convulsive status epilepticus.[1] In addition to these Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved uses, some physicians prescribe clonazepam off-label for conditions such as acute mania, restless leg syndrome, insomnia, and tardive dyskinesia.[1]

Klonopin works as a GABA-A receptor agonist. According to StatPearls, it also exhibits serotonergic activity by increasing serotonin synthesis. Its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects are the reasons it received FDA approval for the treatment of seizures and panic disorder.[1]

Clonazepam is available in immediate-release tablets of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg, as well as orally disintegrating tablets of 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg.[1] This medication is typically taken once at bedtime with a glass of water and no food.

Does Klonopin Have Addictive Properties?

Clonazepam is not inherently addictive. However, using it in an abusive manner can lead to physical dependence.[2] Drugs in the benzodiazepine category, such as diazepam and clonazepam (Klonopin), have recognized medical uses and are generally safe when taken as prescribed.

That said, medications in this class carry a higher risk of misuse, abuse, and diversion.[2] Individuals who take clonazepam in high doses or for prolonged periods may experience withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop. These symptoms can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, rapid discontinuation has led to serious complications, including seizures.

Common signs of clonazepam withdrawal include:[2]

  • Lightheadedness
  • Dysphoria
  • Insomnia
  • Tremors
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Muscle cramps
  • Hallucinations

Withdrawal can also cause changes to your mental health, including new or worsening behavioral disorders and psychosis. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact a healthcare professional immediately.

Does Klonopin Appear on the Controlled Substance Schedule?

Yes, Klonopin is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance under the Federal Controlled Substances Act by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs in this category have a lower risk of abuse compared to higher categories, like Schedule III drugs such as codeine and buprenorphine. However, they are still prone to misuse and abuse.

Other drugs in the schedule IV category include Xanax, Ativan and Valium.

Federal Controlled Substances Act

What is the Federal Controlled Substances Act?

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) classifies regulated substances into five schedules.[4] When determining which schedule a substance belongs to, several factors must be considered. These factors are outlined in Title 21 of the United States Code (USC), Controlled Substances Act.[5]

They include:[4]

  • Scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known
  • Its actual or relative potential for abuse
  • The current state of scientific knowledge regarding the drug or substance
  • The scope, duration, and significance of abuse
  • Its history and current pattern of abuse
  • Any known risks to public health
  • It has the potential for physical or psychological dependence
  • Whether the substance is an immediate precursor of one already controlled under the subchapter

Substances can be added to or removed from control (decontrolled), which may result in changes to their scheduling.

Schedule IV controlled substances like Klonopin have recognized therapeutic medical uses when used as directed. While they carry a lower risk of abuse and misuse than substances like cocaine or heroin, abuse can still lead to physical and psychological dependence. In contrast, drugs in Schedules I, II, and III have a higher potential for abuse than those in Schedules IV or V.

Will Long-Term Klonopin Use Lead to Dependency?

Long-term use of Klonopin can lead to physical dependence.[6] Over time, individuals may develop a tolerance to its effects, which can result in the need for higher doses to manage their condition or achieve the desired effects. Some people may be tempted to increase their doses without medical supervision, which further increases the risk of dependence. Additionally, using Klonopin illicitly, such as crushing pills to snort them or combining them with addictive substances like cocaine to enhance a high, can also contribute to the development of physical dependency.

According to AccessFDA, benzodiazepines like Klonopin carry a higher risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction, all of which can lead to overdose and death.[6] Medications in this category are also commonly involved in the use of other substances such as opioids or alcohol, which can result in serious adverse outcomes. For this reason, doctors are encouraged to assess each patient’s risk for abuse and addiction before prescribing these medications.[6]

To prevent physical dependence, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and avoid adjusting doses without guidance. In some cases, a gradual tapering schedule may be necessary to avoid withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence.

Seeking Help for Klonopin Dependency

If you’ve tried to stop taking Klonopin but experienced withdrawal symptoms, or if you still feel cravings even after taking a dose, you may have developed a physical dependence. If following a taper schedule hasn’t worked, if you’ve resumed higher doses, or if you’ve used Klonopin alongside another drug to cope with stress or anxiety, you may need professional help to wean off the medication safely.

At Southeast Detox GA, our addiction treatment team works with you to uncover the root causes of Klonopin use and develop a personalized program tailored to your needs. This program may include detox and therapy to help you stop using Klonopin and reduce the risk of relapse.

Healing from substance abuse is a journey you don’t have to face alone. Our fully accredited facility provides a comfortable and supportive environment where you can recover while learning the tools to lead a fulfilling life during and after treatment.